Laser eye surgery, including LASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis) and PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy), has helped millions of people achieve clearer vision and reduce their reliance on glasses or contact lenses. While the procedure is generally safe and effective, it carries certain risks that patients should be aware of before making a decision. Knowing these potential complications can help set realistic expectations and ensure a well-informed choice.
1. Dry Eyes
Dry eyes are one of the most common side effects of laser eye surgery. The procedure can temporarily reduce tear production, leading to discomfort, irritation, and blurred vision. For most patients, this issue improves within a few months, but some may Cataract surgery experience chronic dryness requiring long-term use of artificial tears or prescription eye drops.
2. Under- or Overcorrection
The laser reshapes the cornea to improve vision, but in some cases, too little or too much tissue is removed. If undercorrection occurs, the desired improvement may not be fully achieved, leaving patients still dependent on glasses or contacts. Overcorrection, on the other hand, can cause new vision issues. A second procedure may be required to fine-tune the results.
3. Glare, Halos, and Night Vision Issues
Some patients report seeing glare, halos, or starbursts around lights, particularly in low-light conditions. This can make nighttime driving difficult and affect overall vision quality. While these symptoms often fade over time, they can persist in some individuals, especially those with larger pupils or high prescriptions before surgery.
4. Flap Complications (LASIK-Specific)
In LASIK surgery, a thin flap is created on the cornea, which is lifted for laser treatment. If the flap does not heal properly or becomes dislodged due to trauma, complications such as infection, inflammation, or irregular healing may occur. Patients are advised to avoid rubbing their eyes and follow post-operative care instructions carefully to minimize these risks.
5. Corneal Ectasia
A rare but serious complication, corneal ectasia occurs when the cornea becomes weak and begins to bulge, leading to vision distortion. This condition can develop months or even years after surgery, particularly in individuals with pre-existing corneal abnormalities. Treatment may include specialized contact lenses or, in severe cases, a corneal transplant.
6. Vision Regression
Over time, some patients experience regression, meaning their vision gradually returns to its pre-surgery state. This can happen due to natural aging changes in the eyes or incomplete correction during the initial procedure. In such cases, additional treatments or glasses may be needed.
7. Infection and Inflammation
Although rare, infections and inflammation can occur after surgery, leading to pain, redness, and vision loss if left untreated. Prompt medical attention and appropriate medications, such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drops, can help prevent serious complications.
While laser eye surgery offers life-changing benefits for many, it is not without risks. Potential complications like dry eyes, vision disturbances, undercorrection, or more severe conditions such as corneal ectasia highlight the importance of careful consideration. Consulting with an experienced eye surgeon and undergoing a thorough pre-operative assessment can help determine if laser eye surgery is the right choice based on individual eye health and risk factors.